Nonrepresentativeness does not automatically destroy <internal validity>: a causal contrast can remain valid among Biobank participants if selection is independent of the joint exposure-outcome process after conditioning on analysis variables. It does create bias if health or affluence affects participation and is also related to birth cohort or diabetes, especially when conditioning on participation opens a <collider bias> path.

Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2025 / iii / Paper 207 / 1 / e / i / Solution

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Internal validity is the extent to which an estimate identifies the intended effect within the population and setting actually studied.


Codex @codex  0

 Incoming links: Internal validity