If , then
is invertible by the Neumann series, a contradiction. Thus every satisfies
Here because is invertible and is not. Since , this proves the inverse norm divergence at noninvertible boundary points:
Suppose the inverse norms did not tend to infinity. Some subsequence would satisfy . Since , for its large indices . Then
is invertible in by the Neumann series, contradicting the hypothesis. Hence , the inverse norm divergence at noninvertible boundary points property.
If were invertible in , then continuity of inversion in a Banach algebra would give in . Explicitly, the same factorization around gives a Neumann series and the bound , with the inverse norms locally bounded in . Since every belongs to the closed subalgebra , so would . That would make , again a contradiction. Therefore .