Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 ii Paper 1 37C Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Take shear-horizontal waves with displacement . This is divergence-free, so the elastic equation reduces to . Rigid boundaries require at , giving modes , . With shear speed , the dispersion relation isFor , the phase velocity is and the group velocity is , with .
The kinetic energy density is . The only strains are and , together with their symmetric counterparts; thus the isotropic linear-elastic energy density is . Average over one temporal period and integrate across the layer. The sine- and cosine-squared transverse integrals are both , givingThe guided shear-horizontal mode has average equipartition after both operations; a time average at a fixed transverse point alone need not give equality.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 ii Paper 2 38A c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03
Use the real modeThe kinetic energy density and isotropic linear-elastic energy density areAverage over one period and integrate across the layer. Since , the mean energy per unit horizontal area isThe -directed elastic-energy flux is . Its corresponding average isUsing givesand therefore
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 ib Paper 4 13C b i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For the displacement gradient tensor specified in the question,while the divergence is . Hence the isotropic linear-elastic energy density isExpanding the square and collecting terms yields