= Ivar Giaever
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
{title2=1929–2025}
{wiki}
= I. Giaever
{c}
{synonym}
<Ivar Giaever> used <electron> tunnelling through a thin insulating barrier to measure the superconducting <energy gap>. The available electronic states on either side determine which tunnelling processes contribute at a given voltage. A gap suppresses low-energy current, so the current-voltage curve becomes a spectroscopic probe of the superconducting state. Following the feature with <temperature> connects an electrical measurement with a microscopic excitation <energy>, rather than merely demonstrating low resistance.<Energy Gap in Superconductors Measured by Electron Tunneling by Ivar Giaever>[Physical Review Letters 5, 147 (1960), tunnelling measurement of the excitation gap]{ref}
A <physicist>.<Professional profile of Ivar Giaever>[Independent professional profile]{ref}https://archives.rpi.edu/institute-history/commencement-speakers-honorary-degree-recipients?page=5[Independent professional profile]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Ivar_Gi%C3%A6ver.jpg?width=260]
{title=Portrait of <Ivar Giaever>}
{description=Bruce Sampson / NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet; 12 March 2010; existing Commons crop by TommyG. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/[CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons.}
{source=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivar_Gi%C3%A6ver.jpg}
{width=260}
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