= James Rainwater
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
{wiki}
= Leo James Rainwater
{c}
{synonym}
<James Rainwater> proposed that the motion of individual <nucleons> can favor a nonspherical <atomic nucleus>. Deforming the core changes the single-particle levels, so an occupied level can lower its energy enough to offset the collective cost of changing shape. This links the <nuclear shell model> to large measured <electric quadrupole moments>, which a fixed spherical picture has difficulty explaining. His proposal supplied a physical reason to let particle motion and the shape of the whole <nucleus> influence one another.<Background for the Spheroidal Nuclear Model Proposal by James Rainwater>[Nobel lecture, pp. 266–267, nuclear deformation, quadrupole moments and distorted single-particle levels]{ref}
A <physicist>.https://www.columbia.edu/cu/physics/pdf-files/Rainwater.pdf[Independent professional identity]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/James_Rainwater.jpg?width=260]
{title=Portrait of <James Rainwater>}
{description=Keystone. Public domain in the United States (publication without copyright notice, as stated on Commons). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Rainwater.jpg[Source usage terms], via Wikimedia Commons.}
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