= Joel B. Fowler
{c}
= J. B. Fowler
{c}
{synonym}
<Joel B. Fowler> is an <electrical engineer> whose work at NIST included the design and characterization of a water-bath <blackbody> source for <radiometry>. His 1995 paper describes a cavity whose <temperature> and effective <emissivity> could be controlled and measured accurately.<A Third Generation Water Bath Based Blackbody Source by Joel B. Fowler>[Introduction and About the author]{ref}
The apparatus placed a shaped <copper> cavity in a stirred, temperature-controlled <water> bath. The cavity geometry increases the number of internal <specular reflections>, raising its effective <emissivity> toward one, while the bath reduces <temperature> variation. The paper reports operation from 278 K to 353 K and calculated <emissivity> 0.9997, increased to 0.99997 with a restricted aperture. Geometry, thermal control and <measurement uncertainty> accounting therefore work together to create a useful <measurement calibration> source.<A Third Generation Water Bath Based Blackbody Source by Joel B. Fowler>[Abstract, sections 2–3 and uncertainty analysis]{ref}
Identity and discipline: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/A_Third_Generation_Water_Bath_Based_Blackbody_Source_(IA_jresv100n5p591).pdf
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