= John C. Slater
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<John C. Slater> proposed empirical atomic screening rules used to estimate an effective nuclear charge for an electron. <Slater's rules> assign different screening contributions according to the shells and subshells occupied by the other electrons.
The calculation approximates a many-electron atom by a simpler effective attraction. Its usefulness comes from providing a consistent estimate, rather than claiming that all atomic electrons experience one identical constant charge.<Atomic Shielding Constants by John C. Slater>[1930, pages 58–59: screening weights and worked examples]{ref}
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