= John Ernst Bjorkholm
{c}
{tag=Physicist}
= J. E. Bjorkholm
{c}
{synonym}
= John E. Bjorkholm
{c}
{synonym}
An experimental <optical physicist> who coauthored a single-beam gradient-force <optical trap> for dielectric particles. A tightly focused <laser> creates a restoring force toward the high-intensity region, allowing a small particle to be held without mechanical contact. The work helped establish optical manipulation as a practical way to control microscopic objects.<Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles by Arthur Ashkin and others>[Original report: single focused beam and dielectric-particle trapping]{ref}
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