Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 157 1 c Solution 2026-09-28
Let be the set of accumulation points of . It is closed. Since a rational map is open and has finite local degree, images and preimages of convergent sequences of distinct Julia points show thatThus is completely invariant. If were a proper subset of , part b would imply and . Since , this forces .
On the other hand, is infinite: if it had at most two points, applying part b to the completely invariant set would put it inside the Fatou set. Every infinite compact subset of the sphere has an accumulation point, so . This contradiction proves that and hence the Julia set has no isolated points.