K. McComb 2026-11-05
K. McComb is the first author of a 1994 playback experiment testing numerical assessment by female lions. Recordings of either one unfamiliar female roaring or three roaring together simulated intruders within the territories of lion prides.[ref]
The approaches depended on the simulated intruder group and the defending group's composition. Playing recorded sounds allowed the apparent social threat to be manipulated without staging a physical fight between groups.[ref]
The experiment asks how animal communication supports a decision under uncertainty. A recorded chorus carries information about an apparent group, but an approach decision also depends on the listeners' own group. Demonstrating a behavioural response to one-versus-three playbacks does not, by itself, specify the internal counting procedure used by a lion.