Kauffman bracket skein module (source code)

= Kauffman bracket skein module
{c}

For an oriented 3-manifold, take the linear span of <isotopy> classes of <framed links>, including the empty <link>, and impose the local bracket smoothing relation and the trivial-circle relation with factor $-A^2-A^{-2}$. Fixing framed boundary endpoints gives its relative version. Gluing manifolds or stacking cylinders induces maps between skein <modules>; framed <isotopy>, rather than unframed Reidemeister-I invariance, is built into this construction.