Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2015 iii Paper 18 4 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
A positive holomorphic line bundle admits a Hermitian metric whose Chern connection curvature satisfies that is a positive real (1, 1)-form. In a local holomorphic local frame with squared length , the local formula for the Chern connection on a line bundle gives , so positivity means is positive definite. Its closedness makes a Kähler form; use this form to define the operators below.
Let , choose a Hermitian metric on , and equip with the tensor-product metric. The curvature of a tensor product connection givesOn -valued zero-forms, the Lefschetz commutator is . Thus the Bochner-Kodaira-Nakano identity givesThis last operator is a fixed smooth self-adjoint bundle endomorphism. Compactness supplies a finite such that at every point. For a holomorphic section of , and by degree, so integrating the identity givesChoose an integer with . Then . The threshold depends on the fixed bundle , as the curvature bound makes explicit. Positive complex dimension is necessary: on a zero-dimensional manifold positivity is vacuous and a nonzero fibre has nonzero sections for every twist.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 iii Paper 118 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
Represent the middle-degree class by its unique harmonic differential form . The Lefschetz commutator on degree is , so at the operators commute. Since the adjoint Lefschetz operator is the adjoint of the Lefschetz operator of a Kähler manifold,Both and are harmonic. A harmonic form represents zero in de Rham cohomology exactly when the form itself is zero. Consequently if and only if , which by the norm identity is equivalent to , hence to . ThereforeThis identifies the two middle-degree descriptions of a primitive differential form on a Kähler manifold at the cohomology level.