Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 167 1 iii a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For , write . Under the left-right regular representation of an affine algebraic group,so the action factors through the difference map . The degree filtrationis stable and has trivial one-dimensional successive quotients. The module is indecomposable; every nonzero submodule contains a nonzero translation difference of lower degree and, on iteration using suitable translations, meets the unique invariant line .
For every finite-dimensional rational -module , the matrix-coefficient construction givesOn the other hand,Indeed, a nonzero finite-dimensional quotient of would have a simple quotient. Every simple rational representation of the unipotent algebraic group is trivial, so this would give a nonzero translation-invariant functional on . No such functional exists: if is its first nonzero value on a monomial, translating a sufficiently high monomial produces a nonzero coefficient times , contradicting invariance.