= Leland C. Allen
{c}
<Leland C. Allen> developed a spectroscopic definition of <electronegativity> based on average one-<electron> energies in free ground-state <atoms>. Weighting the valence s- and p-electron binding energies connects an atom-based scale with measurable spectral information.<Electronegativity is the average one-electron energy of the valence-shell electrons in ground-state free atoms by Leland C. Allen>[1989, definition of spectroscopic electronegativity and weighted valence-electron binding energies]{ref}
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