Length spectrum
= Length spectrum
{title2=$\{\ell(\gamma)\}$}
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The unmarked length spectrum of a compact <hyperbolic surface> is the multiset of lengths of its closed <geodesics>, with a consistent convention for primitive curves and orientation. The marked version labels lengths by free homotopy classes. The <Selberg trace formula> relates the unmarked multiset to the <Laplace-Beltrami operator> <spectrum>.