A smooth projective curve generates by its point differences if and only if it meets every prime Weil divisor. If a prime Weil divisor avoids , its restriction to has degree zero; constancy of line bundle degree in a family shows that every translate either contains or misses it. This forces invariance under and puts the generated subgroup inside the line bundle translation stabilizer. If this subgroup were all of , the divisor would be algebraically trivial, contradicting its positive intersection with an ample line bundle. Conversely a proper closed generated subgroup admits a disjoint divisor by the pole divisor avoiding a fiber construction, after translating the fiber to contain .
The line bundle translation stabilizer is the closed subgroup
Each difference lies in , by the equality of Weil divisors just proved. Thus the subgroup they generate lies in , and closedness puts its Zariski topology closure there too. Therefore . The closure of a subgroup is again a subgroup: multiplication and inversion preserve its closure by continuity. In this setting it is connected as well, since is connected and contains zero, and the increasing finite sums of are connected with a common point. Its reduced closure is an abelian subvariety.