= Linear Maxwell fluid
= Maxwell fluid
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= Maxwell model
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A linear Maxwell fluid has <constitutive equation> $\boldsymbol\sigma+\lambda\partial_t\boldsymbol\sigma=\mu\dot{\boldsymbol\gamma}$, with $\dot{\boldsymbol\gamma}$ twice the <rate-of-strain tensor>. Here $\mu$ is the zero-frequency <shear viscosity> and $\lambda>0$ is the <viscoelastic relaxation time>. Stress at fixed strain decays as $e^{-t/\lambda}$; the corresponding series spring and dashpot have shear modulus $G=\mu/\lambda$. In small-amplitude simple shear from an isotropic relaxed state, the first-order forcing is off-diagonal, so both <normal-stress differences> vanish at linear order. This is not a statement about the nonlinear objective model at second order in shear rate.
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