= Liquid-state NMR quantum computing
<Liquid-state NMR quantum computing> encodes <qubits> in distinguishable nuclear <spins> of molecules in solution. Selective radiofrequency pulses implement one-spin control; <NMR scalar coupling> supplies entangling evolution. Under $H_J=(\pi\hbar J/2)Z_1Z_2$, evolution for $1/(2J)$ with $J>0$, followed by $-\pi/2$ rotations about each $z$ axis, produces a <Controlled-Z gate> up to <global phase>. Ensemble detection and common pseudo-pure preparations make small demonstrations distinct from scalable pure-state initialization.
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