= Lithium niobate
{title2=$\mathrm{LiNbO_3}$}
<Lithium niobate> is $\mathrm{LiNbO_3}$, a crystalline oxide containing <lithium>, <niobium>, and <oxygen>. Its non-centrosymmetric structure supports <piezoelectricity> and useful optical responses.
An applied <electric field> can change its optical response, allowing electrical control of light in a modulator. The connection between crystal symmetry and macroscopic response makes <lithium niobate> a bridge between <crystallography> and optical engineering.
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