= LLS - Measuring the Light Signal from a Diode, University of California, Berkeley
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{tag=Work by University of California Berkeley}
Institutional laboratory guide issued by the Physics Advanced Lab of the <University of California Berkeley>, which hosts the webpage. No individual author or publication or revision date is established; the dynamic website copyright footer is separate.
Official laboratory guide: https://experimentationlab.berkeley.edu/LightSignal
Cited passages: Experimental Setup, LED, background and chopping geometry; Block Diagram I, chopper reference, photodiode, preamplifier, spectrum analyzer and lock-in amplifier; Experiment X, steps 2 and 9–13, reference search, LED-off comparison, frequency scan and external reference; Experiment XI, steps 1–8, alignment, overload, filtering and repeated readings; Interpreting the Data, points 1–3 and collection geometry. The source specifies apparatus and observations to make, without supplying measured numerical results.
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