= M. Frommer
{c}
<M. Frommer> led the 1992 paper establishing a sequence-based display of <5-Methylcytosine> in individual <DNA> strands. The method exploits the different responses of ordinary <cytosine> and methylated <cytosine> to bisulfite treatment: ordinary <cytosine> is preferentially converted to <uracil>, which is read as <thymine> after amplification, while methylated <cytosine> is relatively resistant.<A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands by M. Frommer and others>[Abstract and Figure 1: chemical discrimination and sequencing readout]{ref}
This connects chemical modification to an ordinary sequence readout, making <bisulfite sequencing> a way to map <DNA methylation>. The untreated reference and conversion controls matter because an observed cytosine/thymine difference could otherwise be mistaken for a sequence variant or incomplete chemical conversion.
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