= M. Schena
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<M. Schena> is the first author of a 1995 demonstration of parallel <gene expression> measurement using a <DNA microarray>. The team robotically printed <Complementary DNA> on glass, turning the positions of small spots into addresses for different <genes>. Simultaneous measurements with two colors of <fluorescence> compared expression of 45 genes from <Arabidopsis thaliana>. The small array permitted a reaction volume of two microlitres and probes prepared from two micrograms of cellular <messenger RNA>.<Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray by M. Schena and others>[Science 270, 467–470; abstract]{ref}
The useful change was from measuring one <gene> at a time to comparing many <genes> within the same experiment. As a simplified numerical illustration, comparable, corrected <fluorescence> signals of 400 and 100 units at one spot would give a ratio of four. That ratio concerns the assay's <RNA>-derived signal under its measurement assumptions; it is not automatically a fourfold change in the amount or activity of the corresponding <protein>. The original experiment was a 45-gene demonstration, so its scope should not be confused with a measurement of an entire human <genome>.
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