= Manufacturing
{wiki}
<Manufacturing> turns a design and raw materials into physical products through controlled processes such as casting, forming, machining and joining. The process changes more than shape: heat treatment and deformation can alter <microstructure> and residual stress. A component's tolerances, surface finish and defect population therefore depend on the production route. Reproducibility requires measuring variation across parts and relating it to the required <function>. <Material selection> and process selection are coupled because a good nominal property is of little use if the required geometry cannot be made consistently.
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