= Marc Grosjean
{c}
<Marc Grosjean> has investigated the time course of <cognition> through measurements of action. In a 2005 study with colleagues, he analysed <mouse tracking> data to test how <spoken word recognition> unfolds while a listener is already moving toward a possible answer.<Continuous attraction toward phonological competitors by Michael Spivey and others>[PNAS 102, pp. 10393–10398; Experiment and Author contributions, M.G. analysed data]{ref}
Participants saw two pictured objects and heard the name of one. A target such as “candle” could appear beside “candy”, whose name shares its beginning, or beside a phonologically unrelated object. The investigators sampled the cursor's coordinates during the movement, rather than recording only its endpoint. Movements toward the correct object were drawn farther toward the competing object in the similar-name condition.<Continuous attraction toward phonological competitors by Michael Spivey and others>[Experiment, Methods and Figure 1; cohort/control comparisons and sampled trajectories]{ref}
The example makes a measurement distinction concrete. Two trials can end with the same correct click yet follow different paths, revealing <phonological competition> that accuracy alone would miss. The cursor is an observable motor response, so conclusions about internal representations still require an explicit model connecting movement with language processing.
\Image[https://www.psychologie.uzh.ch/contacts/psychologie/Geronto/mgrosjean/photo/Marc%20Grosjean_Geronto.jpg.jpg]
{title=Marc Grosjean}
{description=Portrait identified on the https://www.psychologie.uzh.ch/de/bereiche/dev/geronto/team/mgrosjean.html[University of Zurich profile].}
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