For each , choose the continuous probability density functions
The second is at least and integrates to one. Their expected values differ by
Writing gives
The supplied product bound, also obtained from the chi-squared divergence of product measures, implies
For the final elementary estimate, compare the exponential series with the geometric series: for . Thus the overlap of the product laws is at least . Part (b) now gives the explicit mean-estimation minimax lower bound for continuous densities
So one may take , uniformly for all . The alternatives are allowed to depend on , because the minimax risk takes a supremum over all continuous probability density functions separately at each sample size.