= Mechanical engineering
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<Mechanical engineering> studies and designs machines and physical systems using <mechanics>, thermodynamics, fluid flow and materials. A pump, engine or robotic joint links <forces> and motion to <energy> conversion and dissipation. Design analysis must distinguish <ideal> kinematics from the loads and losses required to realize it. For example, a linkage may permit a desired motion while its bearings overheat or its members deflect excessively. Measurement and testing connect such component-level predictions to actual system behaviour.
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