Molecular line cooling (source code)

= Molecular line cooling

Radiation from rotational and vibrational transitions of molecules removes gas thermal energy. In primordial gas below the atomic threshold, <molecular hydrogen> is a principal coolant; <hydrogen deuteride> can matter in suitable chemical conditions. Molecular formation, photodissociation, optical depth and density-dependent level populations control the rate. This allows some small systems below the atomic <virial temperature> threshold to form stars.