Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 7 3 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The improper integral is assumed to have a finite limit. Fix and put . Convergence implies and as . By monotonicity,andThusBoth outer bounds tend to one as , giving . This monotone integral Tauberian lemma uses monotonicity to control the value at a point from integral averages on adjacent multiplicative intervals; convergence of the integral alone would not control arbitrary local spikes.