= Mordehai Milgrom
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{tag=Physicist}
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<Mordehai Milgrom> proposed <modified Newtonian dynamics> as an alternative explanation of the discrepancy between visible <mass> and inferred gravitational effects in <galaxies>. The modification becomes important below a characteristic <acceleration> scale $a_0$.
In the low-<acceleration> spherical limit, $a^2/a_0=GM/r^2$. For a <circular orbit>, substituting $a=v^2/r$ gives $v^4=GMa_0$, independent of orbital <radius>. The same limiting rule therefore links a flat outer <galaxy rotation curve> with a relation between baryonic <mass> and orbital <speed>. These are consequences of the proposed dynamics, not a direct detection of the underlying mechanism.<A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis by Mordehai Milgrom>[1983 formulation: low-acceleration limit and its galactic consequences]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Milgrom%20Mordechai.jpg?width=250]
{title=Portrait of <Mordehai Milgrom>}
{description=Weizmann Institute of Science; Commons permission record VRT 2010112110015191. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-author[Public-domain release by Weizmann Institute of Science, worldwide], via Wikimedia Commons.}
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