Past exam of the mathematical methods I course of the University of Oxford 2014 resit 12 iv Solution 2026-10-25
If two indices of the n-dimensional Levi-Civita symbol are equal, exchanging them leaves the component unchanged. Antisymmetry of a multilinear map simultaneously negates it, so . Over the real numbers this implies .
Every nonzero component of the n-dimensional Levi-Civita symbol is , so its square is one. There are exactly permutations of the distinct indices; all remaining index lists have a repeat and contribute zero. Hence
Past exam of the mathematical methods I course of the University of Oxford 2014 resit 12 v Solution 2026-10-25
If all indices are distinct and each lies in , their list is a permutation of . Sorting it takes some number of transpositions. The n-dimensional Levi-Civita symbol equals because its sorted component is . ThereforeThe parity of a permutation is independent of the chosen sequence of transpositions.