Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 203 2 e Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
A nearly closed semicircular slit makes the constant sharp. PutThis is the unit-circle arc attached at and ending just short of . Its complement is a simply connected domain. There remains a narrow passage near connecting the interior bay to infinity. Thus is a compact H-hull inside the closed unit disc.
For an explicit check, let and let denote the mapping-out function of a vertical slit applied to , with the branch asymptotic to its argument in the slit half-plane. Its normalized map isThe final Möbius transformation takes the image of the original infinity to infinity and gives hydrodynamic normalization at infinity. For a fixed in the open unit half-disc, , so and as . Now take , with . First let , then let . The nearly closed semicircular slit givesEvery constant smaller than three therefore fails for some member of this family and some interior point. The bound need not be attained at an interior point of a single fixed hull.
For a compact H-hull inside the disc of radius centred at a real point, its mapping-out function of a compact H-hull displaces every point of its domain by at most . After scaling and translation, the real boundary bounds for a unit-disc H-hull put the corresponding inverse boundary interval inside . Boundary cluster points of the inverse over this interval lie in the unit disc. The maximum modulus principle applied to gives the bound without assuming local connectedness of the hull. The nearly closed semicircular slit makes the constant three sharp.
