Negative-energy minimum-separation upper bound (source code)

= Negative-energy minimum-separation upper bound
{title2=$r\leq A_0/|E|$}

With $E=T-U<0$ and $T\geq0$, the positive binding <energy> satisfies $U\geq|E|$. The <minimum-separation binding-energy bounds> imply $r\leq A_0/|E|$. At least one pair stays close; this does not bound every particle's distance or exclude a <negative-energy gravitational collision>.