Nematic bend (source code)

= Nematic bend
{title2=$K_3|\mathbf n\times\nabla\times\mathbf n|^2/2$}

<Nematic bend> curves the integral lines of the <nematic director>. For a unit field, $(\mathbf n\cdot\nabla)\mathbf n=-\mathbf n\times(\nabla\times\mathbf n)$, so the bend energy measures curvature along those lines.