= Neutron scattering
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<Neutron scattering> measures how a specimen changes the directions and <kinetic energies> of incident <neutrons>. <Neutron diffraction> uses the <elastic scattering> pattern to investigate <crystal structure> and <magnetic order>; <inelastic neutron scattering> uses <energy> transfer to investigate excitations such as <phonons> and <magnons>. The two measurements ask complementary questions: what arrangement repeats in space, and what disturbances can propagate through it?
The 1994 <Nobel Prize in Physics> recognized <Clifford Glenwood Shull>'s diffraction work and <Bertram Neville Brockhouse>'s spectroscopy.<The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994 by Nobel Prize Outreach>[1994 award: diffraction and spectroscopy]{ref}
Nuclear scattering couples to <atomic nuclei>; magnetic scattering couples the <neutron>'s <magnetic moment> to electronic <magnetic moments>. The latter underlies both <magnetic neutron diffraction> and <magnon> spectroscopy. An <atomic number> is not a nuclear neutron scattering weight: the relevant coefficient in the elementary coherent model is the <nuclear neutron scattering length>.
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