= Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973
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One half was shared by <Leo Esaki> and <Ivar Giaever> for experimental discoveries of <quantum tunnelling> in <semiconductors> and <superconductivity>, respectively. The other half went to <Brian D. Josephson> for predicting supercurrents across a tunnel barrier and the <Josephson effect>.<The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 by Nobel Prize Outreach>[Individual official summary: Esaki and Giaever one-quarter each, Josephson one-half; experimental and theoretical motivations separately.]{ref}
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