= Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981
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<Nicolaas Bloembergen> and <Arthur Leonard Schawlow> received one quarter each for developing <laser spectroscopy>. <Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn> received one half for developing high-resolution <electron spectroscopy>.<The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 by Nobel Prize Outreach>[Individual 1981 record reproduced in laser-physics lecture slides: Bloembergen and Schawlow one-quarter each, laser spectroscopy; Siegbahn one-half, electron spectroscopy. Official individual Siegbahn facts independently confirms his half and distinct motivation.]{ref}
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