= Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008
{c}
One half went to <Yoichiro Nambu> for discovering the mechanism of <spontaneous symmetry breaking> in subatomic <physics>. One quarter each went to <Makoto Kobayashi> and <Toshihide Maskawa> for explaining broken symmetry through a mechanism requiring at least three families of <quarks>.<The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 by Nobel Prize Outreach>[Individual official 2008 summary: Nambu one half; Kobayashi and Maskawa one quarter each, with the two distinct symmetry-breaking contributions specified.]{ref}
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