= OFF retinal bipolar cell
{c}
An <OFF retinal bipolar cell> is a <retinal bipolar cell> whose central receptive response shows <depolarization> for an appropriate decrease in illumination. Its input <synapse> preserves the sign of a cone <photoreceptor>'s voltage response through excitatory <AMPA receptors> or <kainate receptors>, rather than the sign-inverting arrangement of an <ON retinal bipolar cell>.<Bipolar cells use kainate and AMPA receptors to filter visual information into separate channels by S. H. DeVries>[Introduction; sign-conserving cone-to-OFF transmission]{ref}
In a 2000 experiment, simultaneous recordings from connected <cone cells> and <OFF retinal bipolar cells>, together with receptor-selective manipulations, distinguished receptor mechanisms in different morphological OFF types. Differences in recovery from receptor desensitization filtered the same cone signal into different temporal components.<Bipolar cells use kainate and AMPA receptors to filter visual information into separate channels by S. H. DeVries>[Abstract and Results; paired recordings and receptor pharmacology]{ref}
Thus two OFF types can agree on whether a light decrement excites them while differing in response timing. Response sign, temporal filtering and <neuron> identity are related measurements, not interchangeable labels. The result from the studied retina should not be taken as an identical receptor assignment for every OFF subtype in every <species>.
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