Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2002 iii Paper 23 5 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
We work with the usual infinite-model convention for an omega-categorical theory: it has a unique countably infinite model up to isomorphism. The three conditions are the type-space and automorphism formulations of the Ryll-Nardzewski theorem; the following arguments prove them rather than invoke that theorem. The standard hypothesis that has infinite models is understood. If finite models are allowed instead, uniqueness among models of size at most countable is the matching convention for condition (i).
We first prove (i) implies (ii). Suppose some type space were infinite. An infinite compact space cannot have every point isolated: its cover by singleton open sets would have no finite subcover. Thus it has a nonisolated complete type . The omitting types theorem gives a countable model omitting . On the other hand, compactness theorem gives a model realizing , and the Downward Lowenheim-Skolem theorem gives a countable elementary submodel containing its realizing tuple. These countable models cannot be isomorphic, since an isomorphism preserves realization of . This contradicts omega-categoricity. Hence every is finite.