Open-circuit piezoelectric response
= Open-circuit piezoelectric response
{title2=$\Delta D_3\simeq0$}
For electrically isolated electrodes with unchanged free charge, the increment of normal <electric displacement field> is approximately zero. A constitutive relation such as $D_3=d_{31}(\sigma_1+\sigma_2)+\epsilon E_3$ then gives an induced field that balances stress-induced displacement. Finite leakage and input capacitance modify the <voltage> response.