= Operational-amplifier negative feedback
{title2=$A_{\rm cl}=A/(1+A\beta)$}
Return a fraction of the output to the inverting input so that it opposes the input difference. Large stable <loop gain> makes the <closed-loop gain> depend mainly on the external feedback ratio rather than the uncertain <open-loop gain>. Frequency-dependent phase lag can destabilize the loop; saturation and finite <slew rate> also limit the approximation.<Operational-amplifier negative feedback by Analog Devices>[Chapter 3, §§3.2.2–3.2.4]{ref}
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