Homogeneous dust-ball matching 2026-10-14
At the boundary of an Oppenheimer-Snyder cloud, its areal radius is . Matching to a Schwarzschild metric gives . Thus and . The boundary is a radial timelike geodesic with specific Killing energy . Its radial equation is . The induced metric and the angular extrinsic curvature agree on both sides, so no surface layer is required.