Optical tensor
= Optical tensor
{title2=$\widehat B_{ab}$}
For $B_{ab}=\nabla_bk_a$, the optical tensor is the screen projection $\widehat B_{ab}=P_a{}^cP_b{}^dB_{cd}$. Its trace, symmetric trace-free part, and antisymmetric part are the expansion, shear, and twist of the null congruence.