At the optimum, and the initial direction is . Since the final direction has ratio ,
Using , , and simplifies this to the exact maximum gain:
As , , so and . Consequently the requested large-Reynolds-number transient growth scaling is
These are the optimal time and gain of a Reynolds-scaled triangular model. The leading gain can also be read from the off-diagonal matrix exponential entry: with , is maximized at and has leading maximum .
Figure 1.
Optimal transient energy gain scaled by Reynolds number squared, approaching its large-Reynolds-number limit
.