Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 331 4 b v Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
At the optimum, and the initial direction is . Since the final direction has ratio ,Using , , and simplifies this to the exact maximum gain:As , , so and . Consequently the requested large-Reynolds-number transient growth scaling isThese are the optimal time and gain of a Reynolds-scaled triangular model. The leading gain can also be read from the off-diagonal matrix exponential entry: with , is maximized at and has leading maximum .
Optimal transient energy gain scaled by Reynolds number squared, approaching its large-Reynolds-number limit
. 