= Optoelectronics
<Optoelectronics> combines electronic devices with generation, detection or control of light. A <light-emitting diode> converts carrier recombination into photons, while a <photodiode> converts absorbed photons into an electrical response. <Semiconductor> band structure determines which photon <energies> interact efficiently, but device geometry, recombination and transport also control <speed> and efficiency. Optical communication links, image <sensors> and photovoltaic devices use different parts of this interaction. Measuring an optical signal therefore often requires understanding both the light field and the electronic readout.
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