Order as the exact period of modular exponentiation
= Order as the exact period of modular exponentiation
Equality $a^x\equiv a^y\pmod N$ holds exactly when the multiplicative order divides $x-y$, so one period contains no repeated values.
= Order as the exact period of modular exponentiation
Equality $a^x\equiv a^y\pmod N$ holds exactly when the multiplicative order divides $x-y$, so one period contains no repeated values.