= P. Hsieh
{c}
<P. Hsieh> investigated <DNA> reactions involved in <genetic recombination>. A 1994 study with <I. G. Panyutin> isolated spontaneous <branch migration> of a <Holliday junction> for kinetic measurement.<The kinetics of spontaneous DNA branch migration by I. G. Panyutin and P. Hsieh>[PNAS91, pp.2021–2025; primary byline and Abstract]{ref}
Complementary single-stranded ends joined two double-stranded <DNA> substrates into a four-stranded junction. Movement to the far end produced strand-exchanged products. Measuring that conversion under different solution conditions showed that the surrounding <ions>, especially <magnesium>, strongly changed the rate. This separated a physical <DNA> reaction from the additional regulation supplied by cellular <proteins>.<The kinetics of spontaneous DNA branch migration by I. G. Panyutin and P. Hsieh>[Abstract; substrate construction and ionic dependence]{ref}
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