Forcing at preserves translation by one forcing period, which acts on the critical amplitudes as . It destroys the continuous common phase symmetry. Under the remaining spatial translation, transforms as , just like , and transforms just like . Both change sign under the remaining temporal sign reversal. They are therefore allowed linear terms in the respective amplitude equations. Spatial reflection requires their coefficients to coincide.
The resonant physical-frequency calculation gives the same result: multiplying the forcing factor by the conjugate left-going mode produces , resonant with the mode. The other term follows by reflection. Thus the leading parametrically forced counterpropagating waves obey
with the reflected equation for . The forcing phase can be absorbed into a common amplitude phase so that is real; its magnitude measures the resonant forcing strength. Higher-order forcing corrections are beyond this leading weak-forcing truncation.