Paraxial approximation (source code)

= Paraxial approximation
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The paraxial approximation describes waves whose propagation directions make small angles with a preferred axis. Factoring out a carrier $e^{ikx}$ and neglecting the envelope's second longitudinal derivative turns the <Helmholtz equation> into a <parabolic wave equation> and suppresses backward propagation.

= Paraxial propagation
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