= Solution
{c}
The first-order excitation amplitude is the <Fourier transform> of the temporal pulse envelope evaluated at the <Rabi detuning>. Two rectangular time windows therefore give exactly the mathematical structure of <double-slit interference>: each window gives a <sinc function> amplitude, and their separation gives a relative <quantum phase> $\delta T$. The <transition probability> is a <sinc function> squared envelope multiplied by $\cos^2(\delta T/2)$.
Pulse duration corresponds to slit width, pulse-start separation to slit-center separation, and <Rabi detuning> to the transverse <wavevector> sampled on the screen. The narrow fringes measure the long separation, while the broad envelope measures the short interaction duration. As in spatial <interference>, adding <probabilities> instead of coherent <probability amplitudes> would lose the fringes. Randomizing the relative pulse phase averages the cosine squared to $1/2$.
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